An increasing number of manufacturing enterprises are transitioning to smart factories. The foundation for achieving this transformation lies in digitization and online connectivity, with IoT serving as the key enabler. The digital, networked, and intelligent capabilities of smart factories depend on the Industrial Internet. Industrial IoT is the application of IoT in industrial settings, connecting the six core elements of industry—"Human, Machine, Material, Method, Environment, and Measurement"—thereby facilitating the transformation to smart factories.

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