Total Normalized Productive Maintenance (TNPM) emphasizes full participation in equipment management and adopts preventive maintenance strategies, aiming to improve the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of smart factories. By setting standards, executing them, and evaluating outcomes, TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) is continuously advanced. The TNPM model highlights full employee involvement and underscores the importance of preventive maintenance. It addresses the current shortage of equipment personnel by assigning part of the preventive maintenance tasks—such as basic inspections and upkeep—to operators, thereby reducing the workload of maintenance teams. Ensuring efficient and stable equipment operation is no longer solely the responsibility of the material and equipment department; rather, all departments of the smart factory should actively participate in equipment management activities. Preventive maintenance is relatively easy to implement and cost-effective, but failures may still occur during the maintenance intervals. Preventive maintenance with full participation needs to be complemented by online condition monitoring, which can address unplanned downtime issues.

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